> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://dante-solutions-inc.gitbook.io/dante-6.3-help-documentation/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://dante-solutions-inc.gitbook.io/dante-6.3-help-documentation/readme/additional-topics-introduction/press-quench-process-modeling.md).
# Press Quench Process Modeling
DANTE is able to model the press/plug/fixture quenching process. The only difference for model setting up between press quenching and free/immersion quenching is the addition of the press tooling in the DANTE Stress Model. The tooling has its Part Type set to Discrete Rigid, instead of Deformable, in the Stress Model (unless the deformation or thermal effect of the tooling can not be ignored). Reference Points are then defined for each piece of tooling and are used to fix the tooling in directions of non-travel and are used to apply loads to the tooling in the direction of travel. The DANTE Nitriding and/or Carburizing Models, if applicable, are executed without the tooling present in the model. The DANTE Thermal Model is also executed like a standard quenching model; the tooling is not present in the Thermal Model. The only difference between a free/immersion quenching process and a press quenching process Thermal Model is the value of the HTC. Generally, press quenching HTCs are slightly higher than immersion quench HTCs due to the oil being forced through the system. This forced oil flow can also have an effect on the duration of the vapor blanket, shifting the nucleate boiling stage to higher temperatures. In practice, increasing the HTC at all temperatures by 25% – 50%, without modifying the vapor blanket stage, has worked with good results. If the actual behavior of the system has not been characterized with experiments to fit the HTC, it is also good practice to evaluate different cooling scenarios, such as using higher/lower HTC values or shifting the peak value to higher/lower temperatures. The practice of evaluating a components sensitivity to processing conditions allows process parameter sensitivities to be quantified with respect to processing goals, allowing a better understanding of process variability and the production of a more consistent part.
The Figure below shows an example of a press quench model setup. Reference Points are used, in conjunction with the Displacement/Rotation Boundary Condition and the Concentrated Force Load, to fix and apply loads to the tooling. Notice that the Lower Die is simply fixed in place at the bottom of the model. Loads are applied to the Upper Die, Outer Die, and Expander in the direction of travel only, with all other directions being fixed. During process steps where loads are not applied, such as during heating and transfer, DANTE Solutions suggests using a 1 N load on tooling components that apply a load during the quenching step. This helps maintain contact between the tooling and the component, allowing for easier convergence when solving. The small load has no significant effect on the accuracy of the results.
For a complete step-by-step guide on setting up a press quenching Stress Model, please see the Press Quench Tutorial, located in the DANTE Tutorials directory.
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