> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://dante-solutions-inc.gitbook.io/dante-6.3-help-documentation/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://dante-solutions-inc.gitbook.io/dante-6.3-help-documentation/readme/additional-topics-introduction/rotational-spray-quench-process.md).
# Rotational Spray Quench Process
DANTE has the capability of customized rotational spray quenching using a film subroutine. The film subroutine will call two files:
* The first file defines the process as rotational quenching and directs the subroutine to the second file, and this first file must be named “***Job\_Name***” + ***“\_FILM-QUENCH.TXT***”. For example, if the job name is **“Job-1”**, then the film subroutine file name would be **“Job-1\_FILM-QUENCH.TXT”**.
* The second file defines the rotational quenching parameters and must be named **“ROTATION\_SCAN\_PROCESS\_SPRAY.TXT”**. Both files must be located in the working directory.
These two files can be generated automatically from the DANTE Plug-In by entering the required information into the Rotational Scanning Spray Parameters Dialog box. The Rotational Scanning Spray Parameters Dialog box can be accessed by navigating to the Initial/Boundary Conditions tab in the DANTE Plug-In. The Add Interaction button is chosen, and the Quenching Method box is checked. Rotational is then chosen as the Quenching Method and the Quench Parameters button is used to open the Rotational Scanning Spray Parameters Dialog box, as shown in Figure 1. This section only describes the Rotational Spray Quench option; please see the Immersion Quenching Method section in the Additional Topics of this help file for information on the Linear option. After all relevant information is entered in the Rotational Scanning Spray Parameters Dialog box, OK is selected to close the box and return to the Interactions box.
*Figure 1: Navigating to the Quench Parameters Dialog box to enter information relevant to an immersion quench.*
After returning to the Interactions box, the parameters must be assigned to an analysis step; the Plug-In assigns the parameters to the surface defined in the Rotational Scanning Spray Parameters Dialog Box. Figure 1 shows that the Rotational Spray Quench parameters will be applied to the surface set *“OD\_Surf”* at step *“Induction Hardening”*. Only one surface set is allowed in the current version, but the set may contain more than one surface. The Rotational Scanning Spray Parameters Dialog box, shown again in Figure 2, requires the following information for the necessary file to be generated in the working directory:
*Figure 2: The Quench Parameters Dialog box, used to define the rotational quench parameters.*
***Point on Rotation Axis:*** This is a point, in the global X-Y-Z coordinate system, that is coincident with the axis of rotation. The point may be located at any position.
***Rotation Axis:*** This is the axis of rotation; i.e., the spray quench revolves around this axis. The **Rotation Axis** must be a global coordinate axis. Positive axes indicate counterclockwise rotation and negative axes indicate clockwise rotation. The **Rotation Axis** must be parallel to the X, Y, or Z Axis. The current version does not allow for the **Rotation Axis** to be in multiple global planes; the axis of rotation must lie in a single spatial plane; XY, XZ, or YZ.
***Rotation Angle:*** This is a parameter used to describe the rotation rate of the spray head and any dwells. The **Rotation Angle** must be defined as an Amplitude prior to defining the rotational quench parameters using the Add Film Property/Amplitude button under the Initial/Boundary Conditions tab in the DANTE Plug-In. The **Rotation Angle** dropdown menu is populated with all Amplitudes defined as functions of time. The appropriate Amplitude should be selected from the dropdown menu. The Amplitude defined will be the spray head angle as a function of time. All angles are defined in degrees and all times are defined in seconds. The **Rotation Angle** and the **First Nozzle Start Angle**, described below, are additive; e.g., if the **Fist Nozzle Start Angle** is 30° at time zero (0) and the first defined **Rotation Angle** is 0° at time zero (0), then the spray will start at 30° and encompass a width defined by the **Nozzle Spray Angle Subtended** parameter, also described below. However, if the **Fist Nozzle Start Angle** is 30° at time zero (0) and the first defined **Rotation Angle** is 30° at time zero (0), then the spray will start at 60° and encompass a width defined by the **Nozzle Spray Angle Subtended** parameter. To define the **Rotation Angle**, the time needs to be in increasing order. The values for the **Rotation Angle** definition should match the **Rotation Axis** definition; i.e., if the rotation is counterclockwise, then the **Rotation Angle** will be positive. If the **Rotation Angle** is clockwise, then the rotation angle will be negative. The model does not allow the rotation direction to change.
Figure 3 shows the interplay between the **Rotation Angle** and the **First Nozzle Start Angle**. The starting position and scan behavior are identical between the two models. The left model defines the **First Nozzle Start Angle** as 0° and the **Rotation Angle** at time zero as 90°. The right model defines the **First Nozzle Start Angle** as 90° and the **Rotation Angle** at time zero as 0°. Both have the spray tail at Z=0 and spanning 30° in the counterclockwise direction.
*Figure 3: Interplay between the **Rotation Angle** and the **First Nozzle Start Angle**.*
***First Nozzle Start Angle:*** This is the angle, relative to the global coordinate system, where the spray starts; spray starts at the angle defined only if the **Rotation Angle** is 0° at time zero. This parameter sets the tail of the spray. A negative **First Nozzle Start Angle** means the position of the spray tail is locked during spray quenching, while the lead angle will move. Figure 4 shows the difference between the two cases, with the start of spray (left) and the end of spray (right) shown in each figure. Notice that the start of spray is the same for both cases. However, Figure 4B, which uses a locked spray tail, defined using a negative **First Nozzle Start Angle**, cools much faster than Figure 4A, which uses a fixed spray width, defined using a positive **First Nozzle Start Angle**. All angles should be defined in degrees.
*Figure 4: Cooling differences using (A) a positive **First Nozzle Start Angle** and (B) a negative **First Nozzle Start Angle**.*
***Nozzle Spray Angle Subtended:*** This is the angle covered by the spray. This angle should always be a positive value between 0° and 360°, and will rotate from the **First Nozzle Start Angle**, through the **Nozzle Spray Angle Subtended**, in the direction of rotation defined by the **Rotation Axis**. All angles should be defined in degrees.
***Number of Spray Zones:*** This parameter is used to define the number of spray zones used; i.e., the number of individual spray nozzles. If the spray tail is locked, defined using a negative **First Nozzle Start Angle**, only one spray zone can be used.
***Spacing Between Spray Zones:*** This is the angle between spray zones, defined as the middle of one spray zone to the middle of the next spray zone. Figure 5 shows an example using 2 spray zones, with a Spacing Between Spray Zones of 180°. For multiple spray zones, the spacing between each spray zone should be greater than or equal to the spray width defined by the **Nozzle Spray Angle Subtended** parameter. All angles should be defined in degrees.
*Figure 5: Example using multiple spray zones.*
***Ambient Temperature:*** This is the temperature of the spray quenchant and the temperature of the air around any location on the part not being subjected to the spray quench. Different heat transfer coefficients are defined for each, quenchant and air, but the ambient temperature of each is assumed to be equivalent. The current version of DANTE does not allow different ambient temperatures to be applied to the quenchant and the air.
***Air-Cool HTC:*** This is the heat transfer coefficient of the air. It is assumed to remain constant. The subroutine will calculate the position of the spray as a function of time, determine which locations on the part are currently subjected to the spray, and apply the appropriate heat transfer coefficients. If the location is not subjected to spray, it is assumed that the location is cooled by air. All heat transfer coefficients should be defined in Watts per millimeter squared per Kelvin (W/mm²K).
***Spray Quench HTC vs. Temperature:*** This is the heat transfer coefficient of the spray quenchant, and must be defined as a function of temperature. To define a constant spray quench HTC, two temperature points should be defined with the same HTC value. The **Spray Quench HTC vs Temperature** should be defined as a Film Property prior to defining the rotational quench parameters using the Add Film Property/Amplitude button under the Initial/Boundary Conditions tab in the DANTE Plug-In. The **Spray Quench HTC vs Temperature** dropdown menu is populated with all HTC vs. temperature Film Properties. The appropriate Film Property should be selected from the dropdown menu. All heat transfer coefficients must be defined in Watts per millimeter squared per Kelvin (W/mm²K) and temperature in degrees Celsius (°C).
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